What is the primary function of containerization technologies like Docker?

The primary function of containerization technologies like Docker is to run applications in isolated environments. This capability allows developers to package applications along with their dependencies into containers, which can be executed consistently across different computing environments. Each container operates as a lightweight, standalone unit that shares the host operating system's kernel but runs its processes in complete isolation from others.

This isolation is crucial as it enables multiple applications to run on the same host without interfering with each other, thus optimizing the use of system resources and enhancing security. Containerization simplifies the deployment and management of applications, making it easier for developers to ensure that their applications behave the same regardless of where they are deployed.

Other choices, while relevant to computing, do not accurately reflect the core purpose of containerization technologies like Docker. For example, creating virtual machines typically involves more substantial resource overhead than containers, managing server configurations pertains to infrastructure management rather than application isolation, and serving as a database is unrelated to the primary function of Docker, which focuses on application deployment rather than data storage.