What is the function of Cloud RAN's central unit (CU)?

The central unit (CU) in Cloud RAN serves a crucial role in managing non-real-time processing and control functions within the radio access network. This part of the architecture is primarily responsible for handling tasks that do not require immediate reaction or real-time performance, such as the control of resource allocation, user session management, and other network management functions. By centralizing these processes, the CU can optimize the coordination of resources across multiple distributed units, leading to more efficient network operations and enhanced scalability.

In contrast to other components, the CU's focus on non-real-time tasks allows it to support a broader range of operations that ultimately help streamline the overall functionality of the Cloud RAN. This architecture contributes to improved service quality and reduces latency issues related to real-time processing since those tasks are typically handled elsewhere, such as in the distributed unit (DU). Understanding the separation of functions between the CU and other components clarifies how Cloud RAN achieves its efficiency and flexibility.