How does virtualization impact hardware costs in RAN?

The correct choice emphasizes how virtualization in RAN (Radio Access Network) infrastructure generally reduces the need for specialized hardware, which can lead to lower overall costs in deployment and maintenance.

In traditional RAN setups, specialized hardware is often required for specific functions or components, resulting in higher capital expenditures and sometimes locking operators into certain vendor solutions. However, virtualization decouples software from the hardware, allowing operators to utilize standard, off-the-shelf servers and network equipment. This shift not only enables greater flexibility in scaling and upgrading but also minimizes dependency on vendor-specific hardware.

By implementing virtualization, operators can consolidate resources and reduce the variety of hardware needed across the network. This transition can also result in increased utilization rates of the existing hardware resources, further lowering the overall costs associated with hardware acquisition and management. Additionally, the operational expense is often reduced since training and maintenance for a reduced number of hardware variations can be more straightforward and less costly.

Thus, the significant reduction in reliance on specialized hardware directly correlates with decreased costs, making the chosen answer correct in the context of virtualization's impact in RAN scenarios.